Enuresis and Melanin - Professional Look
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Enuresis and Melanin - Number of urine in a calibrated measure the cylinder or tube. Determination of the number of daily urine (Enuresis and Melanin) is a valuable indicator of renal excretory function and water sharing. Salt adults norm is 1-2 liters, a child-less and depends on its age. More than 2 liters of salt called polyuria. It is available in the employment of large quantities of fluids, and Enuresis and Melanin after fever during recovery, with nefroskleroze, nesaharnom sugar and diabetes (up to 4-6 l). A temporary polyuria may be nervous when initiating. For Enuresis and Melanin characterized Enuresis and Melanin polyuria.
Color Enuresis and Melanin. In norm solomenno-zheltogo urine color. A newborn colorless, the child's age, breast urine more bright. The red color or shade of urine occurs when gemoglobinurii and Tuesday, pointing to the defeat of organic gemoliz kidney or enhanced. In the red color of dark urine with porfirinurii, mochekislom diathesis, after taking amidopirina, antipirina, sulfanilamidnyh drugs.
Urine with a green tinge when I allocation bile pigments and methylene blue, after the use of rhubarb, Alexandria leaf, and so on. Brown urine is subject to a large number of bile pigments, dissolved the blood (Enuresis and Melanin), or use of certain drugs (phenol, cresol, etc.). Black shade seen standing in urine, while there alkaptonurii in which urine is allocated to Enuresis and Melanin acid, Darkling on the air. Wear shade of urine associated with piurii, allocating large amounts of phosphates, lipourii.
Gilchrest, Barbara A. (Brookline, MA, US)
Enuresis and Melanin - Details
Melanin is a special pigment that gives the skin and hair its natural color. It makes the skin tanned, but also produces unwanted freckles, birthmarks and other colored marks on the body.Enuresis and Melanin - More Details
With humans melanin forms in special sea-star shaped cells called melanocytes in the basal layer of epidermis and then transforms into granules where pigments are combined with protein. Melanocytes inject melanin grains into the cells of the upper skin layer (cortical layer of the hair and the iris of the eye) and determine their color.Enuresis and Melanin - Doctors view
Doctors from time to time state that tea, coffee, chocolate and cacao are harmful for our health. However, it is no good to give up these products once and for all as they contain melanin that is essential for the human organism. Also prunes, bilberry or dark grapes are good protection against cancer, sunburns and influence of radiation.Intensive coloring urine pathology observed in the liver, Enuresis and Melanin processes, heart disease, as well as in the normal allocation of more concentrated urine (with diarrhea, Enuresis and Melanin, vomiting, potenii, etc.). More Bright stands out in the urine poliuriyah (nesaharnom sugar and diabetes). Opacity (turbidity), the precipitate. Normal urine is transparent, but when it is often able to produce mucus cloud that has no specific diagnostic knowledge. A Scanner Darkly urine can be caused by salt, cellular elements and bacteria, mucus, fat.
Odor Enuresis and Melanin. Observe only "fruit smell," indicating that the allocation of large amounts Enuresis and Melanin tel. Reaction urine should be determined immediately after its delivery to the laboratory because the standing it can be changed. The most convenient and fast reaction define universal indicator, comparing a modified color indicator of paper with the standard color scale. When food mixed reaction from the urine of adult slabokislaya or neutral (pH 5-7, averaging 6,0). The relative density of urine gives the concentration of dissolved substances and determine the special areometrami (Enuresis and Melanin) with deleniyami from 1000 to 1060.
The theory of education urine and Enuresis and Melanin. There are several theories of education urine, the most prevalent filtratsionno- reabsorbtsionno-sekretornaya. According to this theory, in the kidney filtered body for the day about 180 liters of primary (provizornoy) urine, which is concentrated in the Channel. This epithelium Channel reabsorbiruet part substances in the blood. Processes can occur reabsorbatsii active, with enzymes and energy costs, and by simple passive diffusion. In addition, the epithelium Channel actively sekretiruet certain substances. Filtering takes place through education complex structural wall glomerulyarnogo tube. POS liquid portion of blood goes through okontsa endoteliya, basal membrane layers and gaps between pedikulami podotsitov in capsules klubochka clearance. The most important is basal membrane filtration. Filtering is happening so quickly, the higher blood pressure and lower kolloidnoosmoticheskoe. Capillary pressure in klubochkah-9 ,3-10, 7 kPa, and the osmotic pressure kolloidno- proteins of plasma-3 ,3-4, 0 kPa. Declining capillary pressure below 6.7 kPa violation by filtration processes. Capillary pressure and the resulting decline in regulated wastewater arteries.
Gordon, Philip R. (Philadelphia, PA, US)
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Enuresis and Melanin - Good Hair
Having a good hair day doesn’t just happen by chance. It happens when taking care of your hair becomes just as important as taking care of your skin. But what do you do when your hair has been damaged by every day styling, and chemical processing, dyeing or perming? Is there any solution for fly-away hair, dullness and faded color?Enuresis and Melanin - Science view
The color of hair is determined by the amount of melanin in the cortical layer. Dark hair has a lot of pigment while fair hair has fewer granules that are of smaller size. Diffusive or non-granulated melanin makes the hair red. Hair, like any other part of the body, requires essentials nutrients for growth and survival.
Enuresis and Melanin - Good Skin
When summer looms, many people start considering the best way to get that sun-bronzed glow — turning to self-tanners, tanning booths, a stretch in the sun, or a combination of these.Enuresis and Melanin - Science view
But before you go into a tanning booth — spend a few minutes finding out about your skin and sun exposure. These facts can help you get the look you want without stressing your skin.Enuresis and Melanin - More Details
Melanin is the body's way of protecting skin from burning. Darker-skinned people tan more deeply than lighter-skinned people because their melanocytes produce more melanin. But just because a person doesn't burn does not mean that he or she is also protected against skin cancer and other problems.Enuresis and Melanin - See more
Think about what you've read so far. Does it reinforce what you already know about Enuresis and Melanin? Or was there something completely new? What about the remaining paragraphs about Enuresis and Melanin?Enuresis and Melanin - People view
Primary urine identical protein without blood plasma and contains glucose, phosphate, urea, uric acid, Enuresis and Melanin and occasionally other fine proteins with molecular weight below 70000 (before 0,15-0,2 g / l). The relative density of primary urine 1010, pH 7.4.Primary urine is subjected to Channel Enuresis and Melanin processes, in which the blood back into the body to the necessary material (glucose, amino acids, bikarbonaty, fine proteins, salt, water). In Channel secretion occurs dyes, pharmaceuticals, acids, alkalis. Some elements of the leachate (creatine, insulin, and a number of other polysaccharides) are not Enuresis and Melanin . Urea, uric acid, phosphate, partly thanks to a simple belt diffusion.
Substances undergoing active reabsorbtsii are called vysokoporogovymi. In conjunction with the formation of protein mitohondriyami from hyaline droplets, which are subject to a further splitting of cells with the enzyme.
Study urine is important in the diagnosis of lesions in the kidneys, urinary tract, as well as other diseases.
To undertake research morning urine collected in the clean dishes. Sometimes the urine catheter receive. If you want to explore the daily quantity of urine, it should be stored in the collection period in the refrigerator. Rapid Application greatly simplifies study, as well as drops of urine caused ready for dry reagents. The emergence of color indicates the chemical composition of urine researched. To diagnose Enuresis and Melanin can explore dried on the paper filtered drops of urine.
In clinical analysis of urine is common definition of its properties, chemical and microscopic study.
Chemical study urine
Protein in the urine set the coagulation reactions. Initially samples to conduct high-quality protein and then determine its quantity. To determine the availability of beam transparent urine should be collected, and when it pomutnenii should filter through the paper filter.
Qualitative samples always hold in 2 bottles: a checklist, and the second conducted studies.
Samples from Enuresis and Melanin acid considered most sensitive, using its 15-20% solution. For the 20 g of salicylic acid add 18-20 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid and gradually warm to 100 degrees C. The mass Enuresis and Melanin receive crystalline acid. After cooling her razvodyat distilled water to the level of 150 ml and receive 20% solution Enuresis and Melanin acid.
Glucose in the urine of healthy human being is in very small quantities (0,03-0,05 g / L) and is not determined by laboratory methods in clinical studies.
Good response to the detection of glucose in urine.
In clinical laboratories used 3 methods: Gaynesa samples, the identification using indicator of paper "Glyukotest" and "AG- Fan," with the use of RAPID finished set of reagents.
Enuresis and Melanin - More Details
Think about what you've read so far. Does it reinforce what you already know about Enuresis and Melanin? Or was there something completely new? What about the remaining paragraphs about Enuresis and Melanin?Enuresis and Melanin - Science view
The quantitative determination of glucose in urine. The method is based on the polarization properties of glucose rotate plane polarized beam right. At the corner of rotation, and specify the amount of glucose in urine.Ketonovye (atsetonovye) body. These hazards and atsetouksusnuyu betaoksimaslyanuyu acid and acetone. Ketonovye body in the urine appear as a violation of metabolism. In Class rule, fats and proteins split through intermediate stage before active atsetata-atsetilkoenzima A. Atsetilkoenzim A in the body decomposes to CO2 and N2O. For combustion oksalatsetata needed, which is formed when carbohydrate splitting. With shortage of carbohydrates quantitative correlation between A and atsetilkoenzimom oksalatsetatom violated. There is a lack oksalatsetata. Accumulation atsetilkoenzima A condensation of molecules and cause further education ketonovyh tel.
Bilirubin is produced in the human body, with the collapse of the hemoglobin in erythrocytes retikuloendotelialnoy system (RES). This katabolicheskaya faction, provides education 80-85% of total bilirubin in the body. The destruction of hemoglobin old erythrocytes is the main but not the only source of bilirubin. Chance of hemoglobin synthesis of bilirubin in the formation of erythrocytes in bone brain, affiliated with the education surplus towards globinu, with the collapse of the young erythrocytes to vyhozhdeniya in their blood, the direct synthesis of bile pigments protoporfirina or its predecessors. The resulting from these sources Bilirubin is called early, or gemopoeticheskoy, faction. It represents about 11% of total bilirubin in the face of sharply rising significantly modified eritropoeza. Thus, the innate porphyria, pernicious, srepovidnokletochnoy, postgemorragicheskoy anemia, thalassemia velichena early fractions reaches 40-80%.
Bilirubin also can form from negemoglobinovyh sources: mioglobina, catalase, peroxidase, tsitohroma C when their dissolution. This section does not exceed 5% of total bilirubin. Thus, the main source of bilirubin is hemoglobin.
Urobilinogen, urobilen. In zhelchyu away from the bowel, bilirubinglyukuronidy exposed to the bacterial flora and other parts bile. With the participation of the enzyme glyukuronidazy bilirubinglyukuronidov disrupted glyukuronovaya acid and free borazovavshiysya Bilirubin is restored to urobilinogenov or urobilinovyh tel. Depending on the location of his education urobilinogena comes ascites veins in the liver, which breaks or before dipirollnyh compounds, or reekskretiruetsya. Another part urobilinogena, obrazuyuschayasya mainly in the department of thick distal ileum, in the vein hemorrhagic goes into the general terms of circulatory and kidney derived from the body. At the air urobilinogen urine spontaneously oxidized in urobilin. Contents urobilina in the daily volume of urine healthy person ranges from 1 to 4 mg.
Increased concentration in urine urobilinovyh phone was named urobilinurii. There are many qualitative detection urobilinurii samples. The most widely used practice in kliniko-laboratornoy samples Neybauera, Schlesinger, and Floransa Bogovolova.
Bile acid. When ingestion bile bilirubin in the urine than it can detect bile acids.
There are qualitative and quantitative samples for determining bile acids in the urine. Qualitative samples based on the properties of these acids lowering the surface tension of liquids.
Blood and blood pigments. There are renal (renalnuyu) and nepochechnuyu (ekstrarenalnuyu) gematuriyu. Renal haematuria may be organic and functional. Organic renal meet Tuesday with acute nefritah, especially diffuzornyh.
Vnepochechnye appear Tuesday with acute inflammatory processes in ways and their injuries. Hematuria in pielitah and pielotsistitah accompanied piuriey and bakteriuriey.
Hemoglobin in the urine (gemoglobinuriya) appears when gemoglobinemii. Kidney hemoglobin threshold is 0.06 mmol / l. To identify gemoglobinurii should conduct a chemical reaction in the presence of hemoglobin in the urine, and urine microscopic study to establish the lack of draft erythrocytes.
Myoglobin in urine (mioglobinuriya) comes from the dissolution of muscle tissue. Myoglobin is the muscle pigment, in the chemical structure similar to hemoglobin, the renal threshold of about 0.15 g / l, myoglobin gives positive reaction to the blood. Differentiate with myoglobin hemoglobin can be spectrophotometry method or by using electrophoresis on paper.
Enuresis and Melanin in urine (gemosiderinuriya) find a response to the Berlin azure. A study conducted with the draft urine.
Enuresis and Melanin. Determination porphyrines in urine based on their properties fluoresce under ultra-violet radiation. In identifying porphyrines encountered major technical difficulties.
Indikan in urine. Enuresis and Melanin formed in the intestine of thin triptophan (Enuresis and Melanin acid). In tissues indole oxidized, turning into indoksil. As toxic substance indoksil cleared glyukorinovymi acids and sulfur. Formed indoksilsulfat potassium and Enuresis and Melanin acid, which are kidney and urinary indikana are called.
Melanine. Kidneys allocate melanogen colorless. Urine contains melanogen, while standing on the air in the dark consequence of melanine melanogena transition. Cherno-karichnevoe staining appears in the appendix to this urine iron chloride, Enuresis and Melanin water, dilute sulfuric acid.
Pathology urine - Urine in Enuresis and Melanin processes Enuresis and Melanin bodies. The main morphological elements of urine in various inflammatory processes are leucocytes and erythrocytes, the number of which depends on the nature of the process. Perhaps the presence of impurities and epiteliotsitov mucus.
Cystitis-bladder inflammation. There have persons of all ages, more often in women. The incidence of the disease is due to the mid situation between the bladder and upper urinary ways mocheispuskatelnym channel anatomical close bond with his sexual organs and lower casings department that promotes penetration of the infection in the urinary bladder bodies. Vectors are intestinal cystitis wand, Enuresis and Melanin, streptococci, diplokokki, micro bacterium tuberculosis.
Urethritis. In doing so, the number of urine disease, the relative density and the response has not changed. A small number of protein, or it might not be. Macroscopically Often you can detect hairline gastritis, and as usual they are suspended and do not fall in with the collection tube Enuresis and Melanin draft, the need to examine the urine of men Macroscopically.
Prostatitis. For chronic prostatitis characterized Messier leucocytes in the draft urine, sometimes shaped in the form komochkov pus cells together with the prostate gland epithelium.
Urine with kidney disease events. Enuresis and Melanin lohanok kidney, which are usually nervous tissue, and kidney. Pyelonephritis is one of the most common kidney disease often becomes chronic, which is accompanied by hypertension and ends Uremia.
Acute glomerulonefrit diffuse. This disease is caused by the fall of filtration and improve kidney function Enuresis and Melanin oliguriya there. In uliguricheskoy phase of the relative density of urine 1022-1032.
Subacute Enuresis and Melanin characterized by the growth of epithelium klubochka capsules.
Chronic Enuresis and Melanin often a consequence of acute neizlechennogo unfold. But often it is without prior acute attacks, ie as a primary chronic Jades. Etiology and pathogenesis is the same as with acute jade.
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